<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "C:\nlm\converter\journal-publishing-dtd-2.0\journalpublishing.dtd">
<article>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJEDT</journal-id>
<journal-title>International Journal of Education and Teaching</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2788-5011</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>SvedbergOpen</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">ijedt-1-4-002</article-id>
<doi-group>
<article-doi><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="https://doi.org/" xlink:href="10.51483/IJEDT.1.4.2021.9-20">10.51483/IJEDT.1.4.2021.9-20</ext-link></article-doi>
</doi-group>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Research Paper</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Teachers and Principals&#x2019; Views on Performance Appraisal in Public Primary Schools in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Agezo</surname><given-names>Clement Kwadzo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001"><sup>*</sup></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><sup>1</sup><instname>Department of Basic Education, University of Cape Coast</instname>, <instcity>Cape Coast</instcity>, <instcountry>Ghana</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>cagezo@ucc.edu.gh</email></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor001"><sup>*</sup>Corresponding author: Clement Kwadzo Agezo, <deptname>Department of Basic Education, University of Cape Coast</deptname>, <instcity>Cape Coast</instcity>, <instcountry>Ghana</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>cagezo@ucc.edu.gh</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>Organizational performance and its resultant efficiency and effectiveness can only be achieved when individuals are continuously appraised and evaluated. The inability of organizations to institute an effective performance appraisal system has hindered them from achieving competitive advantage which they need more than ever before. The study examined the current teacher performance appraisal system in public Primary Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. 18 principals and 72 teachers participated in the study. Both the principals and the teachers were purposively selected. The focus group interviews were used to collect data from the teachers while individual interviews were used to elicit information from the principals. The study revealed that though teachers welcome the performance appraisal system, they have their own reservations about the way it is conducted by the principals. It is recommended among others that principals should show transparency and confidentiality when they appraise their teachers. Teachers should also accept the appraisal system as being developmental and in the best interest of the school system.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Appraisal</kwd>
<kwd>Performance</kwd>
<kwd>effective</kwd>
<kwd>development</kwd>
<kwd>compensation</kwd>
<kwd>promotion</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<ref-count count="47"/>
<page-count count="12"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="bib001"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ahuja</surname><given-names>K.K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1988</year>). <source>Advanced Personnel Management</source>. <publisher-loc>New Delhi</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Kalyani Publishers</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib002"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Baker</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1988</year>). <source>Causes of Failure in Performance Appraisal and Supervision</source>. <publisher-loc>Connecticut, USA</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Greenwood Press Incorporated</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib003"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bannister</surname><given-names>B.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Balkin</surname><given-names>D.B.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <article-title>Performance Evaluation and Compensation Feedback Messages: An Integrated Model</article-title>. <source>Journal of Occupational Psychology</source>, <volume>63</volume>, <fpage>97</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>111</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib004"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barlett</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>The Development of Teacher Appraisal: A Recent History</article-title>. <source>British Journal of Education Studies</source>, <volume>48</volume>, <fpage>24</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>37</lpage></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib005"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Beer</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1986</year>). <chapter-title>Performance Appraisal</chapter-title>. In <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>J. W.</given-names> <surname>Lorsch</surname></name></person-group> (Ed.). <source>Handbook of Organizational Behavior</source>. (pp. <fpage>286</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>300</lpage>). <publisher-loc>Englewood Cliffs, NJ</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Prentice Hall Inc</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib006"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bollington</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hopkins</surname>. <given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>West</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <source>An Introduction to Teacher Appraisal</source>. <publisher-loc>Britain</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cassell</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib007"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Borich</surname><given-names>G.D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1978</year>). <source>The Appraisal of Teaching: Concepts and Process</source>. <publisher-loc>Reading</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Addison-Wiley Publishing Company</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib008"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boswell</surname><given-names>W.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Boudreau</surname><given-names>J.W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>Employee Satisfaction With Performance Appraisals And Appraisers: The Role Of Perceived Appraisal Use</article-title>. <source>Human Resource Development Quarterly</source>, <volume>11</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>383</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>399</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib009"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bowles</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Coates</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1993</year>). <article-title>Image and Substance: The Management of Performance as Rhetoric or Reality?</article-title> <source>Personnel Review</source>, <volume>22</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>3</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>21</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib010"><citation citation-type="book"><collab>Cambridge Institute of Education</collab>. (<year>1996</year>). <source>Positive Approaches to Challenging Behaviour</source>. <publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cambridge Institute of Education</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib011"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Castetter</surname><given-names>W.B.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <source>The Human Resource Function in Educational Administration</source>. <publisher-loc>Englewood Cliffs, NJ</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Merrill</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib012"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Coyle-Shapiro</surname><given-names>J.A.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Conway</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <chapter-title>The Employment Relationship Through the Lens of Social Exchange</chapter-title>. In <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>J.</given-names> <surname>Coyle-Shapiro</surname></name><name><given-names>L.</given-names> <surname>Shore</surname></name><name><given-names>S.</given-names> <surname>Taylor</surname></name><name><given-names>L.</given-names> <surname>Tetrick</surname></name></person-group> (Eds.). <source>The Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and Contextual Perspectives</source>. <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib013"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Danielson</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>New Trends in Teacher Evaluation</article-title>. <source>Educational Leadership</source>, <volume>58</volume>, <fpage>12</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>15</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib014"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Davis</surname><given-names>D.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ellett</surname><given-names>C.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Annunziata</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>Teacher Evaluation, Leadership and Learning Organizations</article-title>. <source>Journal of Personality Evaluation in Education</source>, <volume>16</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>287</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>302</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib015"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Derven</surname><given-names>M.G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <article-title>The Paradox of Performance Appraisals</article-title>. <source>Personnel Journal</source> <volume>69</volume>, <fpage>107</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>111</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib016"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Drucker</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <source>The Effective Executive</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Heinemann</publisher-name></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib017"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dulewicz</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1989</year>). <chapter-title>Performance Appraisal and Counseling</chapter-title>. In <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>P.</given-names> <surname>Herriot</surname></name></person-group> (Ed.). <source>Assessment and Selection In Organizations: Methods And Practices For Recruitment and Appraisal</source> (Pp. <fpage>645</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>649</lpage>). <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>John Wiley &#x0026; Sons</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib018"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Everard</surname><given-names>K.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Morris</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <source>Effective School Management</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Paul Chapman Publishing</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib019"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fletcher</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>Performance Appraisal and Management: The Developing Research Agenda</article-title>. <source>Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology</source>, <volume>74</volume>, <fpage>473</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>487</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib020"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gilley</surname><given-names>J. E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Eggland</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1993</year>). <source>Principles of Human Resource Development</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Addison-Wiley Publishing Company Inc</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib021"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grace</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1995</year>). <source>School Leadership: Beyond Education Management</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Falmer Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib022"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hallinger</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Heck</surname><given-names>R. H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Murphy</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Teacher Evaluation and School Improvement: An Analysis of the Evidence</article-title>. <source>Educational Assessment, Evaluation, And Accountability</source>, <volume>26</volume>(<issue>1</issue>) DOI: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">1007/S11092-013-9179-5</pub-id></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib023"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kellinger</surname><given-names>D.E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1980</year>). <source>Personnel Management: Contexts and Strategies</source>. <publisher-loc>Englewood Cliff, NJ</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Prentice Hall Inc</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib024"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khoury</surname><given-names>G. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Analoui</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Innovative Management Model for Performance Appraisal: The Use of the Palestinian Public Universities</article-title>. <source>Management Research News</source>, <volume>27</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>57</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>73</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib025"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kinard</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1988</year>). <source>Management</source>. <publisher-loc>Toronto</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>DC Health and Company</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib026"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kressler</surname><given-names>H.W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <source>Motivate and Reward Performance Appraisal and Incentive System for Business Success</source>. <publisher-loc>Newyork</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Palgrave Mac-Millan</publisher-name></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib027"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lawrie</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <article-title>Prepare for a Performance Appraisal</article-title>. <source>Personnel Journal</source>, <volume>69</volume>, <fpage>132</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>136</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib028"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mamadou</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <source>Africa&#x2019;s Management in the 1990s And Beyond</source>. <publisher-loc>Washington, DC</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>The International Bank for Reconstruction And Development</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib029"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mathias</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1989</year>). <source>Appraisal of Performance: An Aid to Professional Development</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>NFER-Nelson Publishing Company Limited</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib030"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mclaughlin</surname><given-names>M.W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1986</year>). <chapter-title>Teacher Evaluation and School Improvement</chapter-title>. In <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>A.</given-names> <surname>Leiberman</surname></name></person-group> (Ed.). <source>Rethinking School Improvement: Research, Craft and Concept</source>. <publisher-loc>Newyork</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Teachers College Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib031"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mondy</surname><given-names>R.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Noe</surname><given-names>R.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Premeaux</surname><given-names>S.R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1999</year>). <source>Human Resource Management</source>. <publisher-loc>Upper Saddle River, NJ</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Prentice Hall</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib032"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mullins</surname><given-names>L.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <source>Management and Organizational Behavior</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Pitman Publishing</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib033"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Neck</surname><given-names>C.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>G.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Manz</surname><given-names>C.C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1995</year>). <article-title>Thought Self-Leadership as a Framework for Enhancing the Performance of Appraisers</article-title>. <source>Journal of Applied Behavioral Science</source>, <volume>31</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>278</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>302</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib034"><citation citation-type="book"><collab>OECD</collab> (<year>2005</year>). <source>Annual report on sustainable development work in the OECD</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib035"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Posner</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Posner</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1992</year>). <source>Teacher Appraisal: A Guide to Training</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Routledge</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib036"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plunkett</surname><given-names>W.R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1994</year>). <source>Supervision: Diversity and Teams in the Workplace</source>. (<edition>7<sup>th</sup></edition> Ed.) <publisher-loc>Boston</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Allyn And Bacon</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib037"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>The Performance Appraisal: What Employees Should Know?</article-title>. <source>New Hampshire Business Review</source>, <volume>23</volume>(<issue>18</issue>), <fpage>24</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>36</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib038"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shelley</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1999</year>). <article-title>Diversity of Appraisal and Performance-Related Pay Practices In Higher Education</article-title>. <source>Personnel Review</source>, <volume>28</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>439</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>454</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib039"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sherman</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bohlander</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Snell</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <source>Managing Human Resources</source>. <publisher-loc>Cincinnati, OH</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>South Western</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib040"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stone</surname><given-names>R.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <source>Human Resource Management</source>. (<edition>4<sup>th</sup></edition> Ed.). <publisher-loc>Milton</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Prentice Hall</publisher-name></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib041"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>O&#x2019;Driscoll</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1993</year>). <article-title>Functions and Implementations of Performance Appraisal Systems in New Zealand</article-title>. <source>Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources</source>, <volume>31</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>20</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>32</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib042"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Torrington</surname><given-names>D.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Weightman</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1989</year>). <source>Human Resource Management</source>, (<edition>4<sup>th</sup></edition> Ed.) <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Prentice Hall</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib043"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wanzare</surname><given-names>Z.O.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>Rethinking Teacher Evaluation in the Third World</article-title>. <source>Educational Management and Administration</source>, <volume>30</volume>, <fpage>213</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>229</lpage></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib044"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>West</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ainscow</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1991</year>). <source>Managing School Development: A Practical Guide</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>David Fulton Publishers</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib045"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>J.N.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>Mission and Reality And Why Not?</article-title>. <source>Journal of Change Management</source>, <volume>3</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>30</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>44</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib046"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zbar</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Marshall</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Power</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <source>Better Schools, Better Teachers, Better Results: A Handbook for Improved Performance Management in Your Schools</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>ACER Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib047"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <source>Matrix Analysis and Applications</source>. <publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>