<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "C:\nlm\converter\journal-publishing-dtd-2.0\journalpublishing.dtd">
<article>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">AFJPS</journal-id>
<journal-title>African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2789-5092</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>SvedbergOpen</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">afjps-2-1-004</article-id>
<doi-group>
<article-doi><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="https://doi.org/" xlink:href="10.51483/AFJPS.2.1.2022.23-42">10.51483/AFJPS.2.1.2022.23-42</ext-link></article-doi>
</doi-group>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Research Paper</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Covid-19 and Flavonoids: <italic>In silico</italic> Molecular Dynamics Docking to the Active Catalytic Site of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Peterson</surname><given-names>Leif E.</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001"><sup>*</sup></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><sup>1</sup><instname>NXG Logic, LLC, Houston</instname>, <instaddress>Texas 77030</instaddress>, <instcountry>USA</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>peterson.leif.e@gmail.com</email></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor001"><sup>*</sup>Corresponding author: Leif E. Peterson, <instname>NXG Logic, LLC, Houston</instname>, <instaddress>Texas 77030</instaddress>, <instcountry>USA</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>peterson.leif.e@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>Inhibition of the main protease 3CLpro of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is being targeted in the search for antivirals to shorten patient recovery times from Covid-19 disease. We investigated 72 flavonoids for their potential to bind with the active catalytic site of 3CLpro for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. <italic>In silico</italic> molecular dynamics docking was performed using energy-minimized states of the flavonoids. Three variants of the active catalytic site of the protease 3CLpro were used: one based on x-ray crystallography for SARS-CoV, the second based on x-ray crystallography for SARS-CoV-2, and the third based on a 3D-modeled form of an amino acid sequence alignment of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro <italic>2</italic> from 8 humans. Docking involved characterization of the best putative pose in the &#x201C;pocket&#x201D; of the active site based on altering rotatable bonds in each molecule. The binding energy (kcal/mol) and number of hydrogen bonds were assessed during each pose. Mean binding energy across the 3 variants of 3CLpro was sorted in ascending order to rank each flavonoid, since more negative values indicate stronger binding. The top 10 flavonoids identified were amentoflavone, gallocatechin gallate, diosmin, epigallocatechin gallate, hidrosmin, catechin gallate, elsamitrucin, pectolinaren, quercetin, and isoquercetin. Other flavonoids investigated with significant binding energies were hesperidin, rutin, rhoifolin, and peurarin. In vivo animal research is now needed for evaluating whether these flavonoids can minimize early infection and alleviate symptoms and shorten recovery times for late-stage Covid-19 disease. Human prevention trials for minimizing early infection and combination therapy trials with antivirals for shortening recovery times in late-stage Covid-19 disease could also be pursued.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Docking</kwd>
<kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
<kwd>SARS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>Covid-19</kwd>
<kwd>Drug discovery</kwd>
<kwd>Repurposing</kwd>
<kwd>Chemoinformatics</kwd>
<kwd>Toxicology</kwd>
<kwd>Absorption</kwd>
<kwd>Distribution</kwd>
<kwd>Metabolism</kwd>
<kwd>Excretion</kwd>
<kwd>ADME</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<ref-count count="128"/>
<page-count count="20"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="bib001"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adem</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Eyupoglu</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sarfraz</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rasul</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ali</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Identification of Potent COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) Inhibitors from Natural Polyphenols: An in Silico Strategy Unveils a Hope against CORONA</article-title>. <source>Preprintsorg</source>. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20944/preprints202003.0333.v1</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib002"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ahn</surname><given-names>D.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>H.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>M.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>H.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Myoung</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>B.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>S.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</article-title>. <source>J Microbiol Biotechnol</source>., <volume>30</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>313</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>24</lpage>. Epub 2020/04/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4014/jmb.2003.03011</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32238757</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib003"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Allen</surname><given-names>S.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>L.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lichtman</surname><given-names>S.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bukowski</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fusco</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hensley</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>O&#x2019;Dwyer</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mittelman</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rosenbloom</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Huybensz</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <article-title>Phase II Study of Elsamitrucin (BMY-28090) for the Treatment of Patients with Refractory/Relapsed non-Hodgkin&#x2019;s lymphoma</article-title>. <source>Invest New Drugs</source>, <volume>14</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>213</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 1996/01/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/bf00210793</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8913843</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib004"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Anand</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ziebuhr</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wadhwani</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mesters</surname><given-names>J.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hilgenfeld</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>Coronavirus Main Proteinase (3CLpro) Structure: Basis for Design of Anti-SARS Drugs</article-title>. <source>Science</source>, <volume>300</volume>(<issue>5626</issue>), <fpage>1763</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 2003/05/15. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1085658</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12746549</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib005"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bae</surname><given-names>E.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>M.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>D.H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Some Flavonoids on Rotavirus Infectivity</article-title>. <source>Biol Pharm Bull</source>., <volume>23</volume>(<issue>9</issue>), <fpage>1122</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>4</lpage>. Epub 2000/09/19. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1248/bpb.23.1122</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10993220</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib006"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bailey</surname><given-names>D.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Malcolm</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Arnold</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Spence</surname><given-names>J.D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1998</year>). <article-title>Grapefruit Juice-Drug Interactions</article-title>. <source>Br J Clin Pharmacol</source>., <volume>46</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>101</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>10</lpage>. Epub 1998/09/02. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00764.x</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9723817</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC1873672</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib007"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Batiha</surname><given-names>G.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Beshbishy</surname><given-names>A.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ikram</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mulla</surname><given-names>Z.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>El-Hack</surname><given-names>M.E.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Taha</surname><given-names>A.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Algammal</surname><given-names>A.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Elewa</surname><given-names>Y.H.A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>The Pharmacological Activity, Biochemical Properties, and Pharmacokinetics of the Major Natural Polyphenolic Flavonoid: Quercetin</article-title>. <source>Foods</source>, <volume>9</volume>(<issue>3</issue>). Epub 2020/03/27. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/foods9030374</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32210182</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7143931</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib008"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bertoni</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kiefer</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Biasini</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bordoli</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schwede</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <article-title>Modeling Protein Quaternary Structure of Homo- and Hetero-oligomers Beyond Binary Interactions by Homology</article-title>. <source>Sci Rep</source>., <volume>7</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>10480</fpage>. Epub 2017/09/07. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41598-017-09654-8</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28874689</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC5585393</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib009"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bondonno</surname><given-names>N.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dalgaard</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kyro</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bondonno</surname><given-names>C.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lewis</surname><given-names>J.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Croft</surname><given-names>K.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gislason</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Scalbert</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cassidy</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tjonneland</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Overvad</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hodgson</surname><given-names>J.M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid Intake is Associated with Lower Mortality in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Cohort</article-title>. <source>Nat Commun</source>., <volume>10</volume>(<issue>1</issue>),3651. Epub 2019/08/15. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41467-019-11622-x</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31409784</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6692395</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib010"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Y.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>Potential Biological Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</article-title>. <source>Mol Nutr Food Res</source>, <volume>62</volume>(<issue>1</issue>). Epub 2017/08/12. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/mnfr.201700483</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28799714</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6120134</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib011"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yiu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like Protease (3CL) Sructure: Virtual Screening Reveals Velpatasvir, Ledipasvir, and Other Drug Repurposing Candidates</article-title>. <source>F1000Research</source>. <volume>2020</volume>(<issue>9</issue>), <fpage>129</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib012"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chiang</surname><given-names>C.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yeh</surname><given-names>C.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>J.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chiang</surname><given-names>I.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>F.T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Amentoflavone Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Expression of Anti-apoptotic and Metastasis-associated Proteins in Bladder Cancer</article-title>. <source>Anticancer Res</source>., <volume>39</volume>(<issue>7</issue>), <fpage>3641</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. Epub 2019/07/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21873/anticanres.13512</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31262890</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib013"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeong</surname><given-names>H.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>J.K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hong</surname><given-names>Y.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>J.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>J.K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>D.B.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Gallocatechin Gallate-Containing Fermented Green Tea Extract Ameliorates Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia Through the Modulation of Lipid Metabolism in Adipocytes and Myocytes</article-title>. <source>J Med Food</source>., <volume>22</volume>(<issue>8</issue>), <fpage>779</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>88</lpage>. Epub 2019/06/19. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/jmf.2018.4327</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31210578</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib014"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conti</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Genovese</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Santoro</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Orsi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fiore</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <article-title>Activities and Mechanisms of Action of Halogen-substituted Flavanoids Against Poliovirus Type 2 Infection In Vitro</article-title>. <source>Antimicrob Agents Chemother</source>, <volume>34</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>460</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>6</lpage>. Epub 1990/03/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/aac.34.3.460</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2159258</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC171615</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib015"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cushnie</surname><given-names>T.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lamb</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2005</year>). <article-title>Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids</article-title>. <source>Int J Antimicrob Agents</source>, <volume>26</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>343</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>56</lpage>. Epub 2005/12/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16323269</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7127073</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib016"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dalgaard</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bondonno</surname><given-names>N.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bondonno</surname><given-names>C.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lewis</surname><given-names>J.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Croft</surname><given-names>K.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kyro</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gislason</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Scalbert</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cassidy</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tjonneland</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Overvad</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hodgson</surname><given-names>J.M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Associations Between Habitual Flavonoid Intake and Hospital Admissions for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study</article-title>. <source>Lancet Planet Health</source>, <volume>3</volume>(<issue>11</issue>), <fpage>e450</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>e9</lpage>. Epub 2019/11/30. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30212-8</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31777336</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib017"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dallakyan</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Small-Molecule Library Screening by Docking with PyRx</article-title>. <source>Methods Mol Biol</source>., <volume>1263</volume>, <fpage>243</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>50</lpage>. Epub 2015/01/27. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7&#x005F;19</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25618350</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib018"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Clercq</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>Current Lead Natural Products for the Chemotherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection</article-title>. <source>Med Res Rev</source>, <volume>20</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>323</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>49</lpage>. Epub 2000/08/10. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/1098-1128(200009)20:5&#x003C;323::aid-med1&#x003E;3.0.co;2-a</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10934347</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib019"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dolzhenko</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bertea</surname><given-names>C.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Occhipinti</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bossi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Maffei</surname><given-names>M.E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>UV-B Modulates the Interplay Between Terpenoids and Flavonoids in Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.)</article-title>. <source>J Photochem Photobiol B</source>, <volume>100</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>67</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>75</lpage>. Epub 2010/07/16. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.003</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20627615</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib020"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dominguez</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brautigam</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname><given-names>J.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nazco</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Valiente</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Boada</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1992</year>). <article-title>Therapeutic Effects of Hidrosmin on Chronic Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs</article-title>. <source>Curr Med Res Opin</source>, <volume>12</volume>(<issue>10</issue>), <fpage>623</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>30</lpage>. Epub 1992/01/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1185/03007999209111529</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1633720</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib021"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eng</surname><given-names>Q.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Thanikachalam</surname><given-names>P.V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ramamurthy</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>Molecular Understanding of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases</article-title>. <source>J Ethnopharmacol</source>., <volume>210</volume>, <fpage>296</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>310</lpage>. Epub 2017/09/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/jjep.2017.08.035</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28864169</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib022"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Enkhbat</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nishi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yoshikawa</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jun</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tokunaga</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Takasu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kashihara</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ishikawa</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tominaga</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shimada</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Enhances Radiation Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Nrf2 Activation and Autophagy</article-title>. <source>Anticancer Res</source>., <volume>38</volume>(<issue>11</issue>), <fpage>6247</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>52</lpage>. Epub 2018/11/07. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21873/anticanres.12980</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30396944</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib023"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>X.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ho</surname><given-names>S.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mo</surname><given-names>X.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>F.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>N.Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>C.X.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Association Between Flavonoids, Flavonoid Subclasses Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-control Study in China</article-title>. <source>Eur J Cancer Prev</source> Epub 2019/11/19. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000561</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31738218</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib024"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hou</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>Epigallocatechin Gallate Ameliorates Morphological Changes of Pancreatic Islets In Diabetic Mice and Downregulates Blood Sugar Level by Inhibiting the Accumulation of AGERAGE</article-title>. <source>J Cell Biochem</source>. Epub 2018/12/26. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jcb.28139</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30582209</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib025"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ferenczyova</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kalocayova</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bartekova</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Potential Implications of Quercetin and its Derivatives in Cardioprotection</article-title>. <source>Int J Mol Sci</source>, <volume>21</volume>(<issue>5</issue>). Epub 2020/03/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijms21051585</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32111033</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7084176</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib026"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fiocchi</surname><given-names>S.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Selting</surname><given-names>K.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rosenberg</surname><given-names>M.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kolli</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lenaz</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Henry</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>An Open-Label, Dose-Escalating Phase I Study of Elsamitrucin (Spi 28090) in Treatment of Malignant Solid Tumors in Dogs</article-title>. <source>J Vet Intern Med</source>, <volume>25</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>897</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>902</lpage>. Epub 2011/07/09. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0752.x</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21736623</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib027"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friedman</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <article-title>Overview of Antibacterial, Antitoxin, Antiviral, and Antifungal Activities of Tea Flavonoids and Teas</article-title>. <source>Mol Nutr Food Res</source>, <volume>51</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>116</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>34</lpage>. Epub 2006/12/30. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/mnfr.200600173</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17195249</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7168386</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib028"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ganeshpurkar</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Saluja</surname><given-names>A.K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <article-title>The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin</article-title>. <source>Saudi Pharm J</source>., <volume>25</volume>(<issue>2</issue>): <fpage>149</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>64</lpage>. Epub 2017/03/28. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.025</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28344465</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC5355559</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib029"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Genovese</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Conti</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tomao</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Desideri</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Catone</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fiore</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1995</year>). <article-title>Effect of Chloro-, Cyano-, and Amidino-substituted Flavanoids on Enterovirus Infection In Vitro</article-title>. <source>Antiviral Res</source>, <volume>27</volume>(<issue>1-2</issue>), <fpage>123</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>36</lpage>. Epub 1995/05/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0166-3542(95)00088-4</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7486950</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib030"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Goncalves</surname><given-names>J.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lopes</surname><given-names>R.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>D.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>S.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Miranda</surname><given-names>M.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Romanos</surname><given-names>M.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Santos</surname><given-names>N.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wigg</surname><given-names>M.D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2005</year>). <article-title>In Vitro Anti-rotavirus Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Used in Brazil Against Diarrhea</article-title>. <source>J Ethnopharmacol</source>, <volume>99</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>403</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 2005/05/07. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.032</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15876501</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib031"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Goss</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Letendre</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shepherd</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoogendoorn</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Eisenhauer</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1994</year>). <article-title>Phase II Study of Elsamitrucin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer</article-title>. <source>Invest New Drugs</source>, <volume>12</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>315</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 1994/01/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/bf00873046</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7775132</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib032"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guan</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>B.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Y.Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>X.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhuang</surname><given-names>Z.X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cheung</surname><given-names>C.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>S.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>P.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>L.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guan</surname><given-names>Y.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Butt</surname><given-names>K.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>K.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>K.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shortridge</surname><given-names>K.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yuen</surname><given-names>K.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peiris</surname><given-names>J.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Poon</surname><given-names>L.L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>Isolation and Characterization of Viruses related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China</article-title>. <source>Science</source>, <volume>302</volume>(<issue>5643</issue>), <fpage>276</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>8</lpage>. Epub 2003/09/06. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1087139</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12958366</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib033"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guex</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peitsch</surname><given-names>M.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schwede</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Automated Comparative Protein Structure Modeling with SWISS-MODEL and Swiss-PdbViewer: A Historical Perspective</article-title>. <source>Electrophoresis</source>, <volume>30 Suppl 1</volume>:<fpage>S162</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>73</lpage>. Epub 2009/06/12. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/elps.200900140</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19517507</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib034"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xiao</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ding</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jia</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gong</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Astilbin Promotes the Induction of Regulatory NK1.1(-) CD4(&#x002B;) NKG2D(&#x002B;) T Cells through the PI3K, STAT3, and MAPK Signaling Pathways</article-title>. <source>Int Immunopharmacol</source>. <year>2020</year>;<volume>81</volume>:<fpage>106143</fpage>. Epub 2020/02/18. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106143</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32062080</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib035"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xing</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ueda</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002a</year>). <article-title>In Vivo Sonoluminescence Imaging with the Assistance of FCLA</article-title>. <source>Phys Med Biol</source>., <volume>47</volume>(<issue>9</issue>):<fpage>1535</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>41</lpage>. Epub 2002/06/05. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1088/0031-9155/47/9/308</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12043818</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib036"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xing</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ueda</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002b</year>). <article-title>FCLA Chemiluminescence from Sonodynamic Action In Vitro and In Vivo</article-title>. <source>CancerLett</source>, <volume>182</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>141</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>5</lpage>. Epub 2002/06/06. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00070-8</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12048159</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib037"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Honorato</surname></name><name><surname>Perez</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><string-name><surname>Arcas</surname></string-name><name><surname>Meca</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <article-title>A Double-blind Study Comparing the Clinical Efficacy of the Preparation F-117 (Hidrosmin) Versus Diosmin in the Treatment of Patients with Peripheral Venous Disorders</article-title>. <source>Rev Med Univ Navarra</source>, <volume>34</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>77</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. Epub 1990/04/01. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2130425</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib038"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>F.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chiang</surname><given-names>I.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuo</surname><given-names>Y.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hsia</surname><given-names>T.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>C.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Y.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>J.G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Amentoflavone Effectively Blocked the Tumor Progression of Glioblastoma via Suppression of ERK/NF-kappa B Signaling Pathway</article-title>. <source>Am J Chin Med</source>, <volume>47</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>913</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>31</lpage>. Epub 2019/05/18. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1142/S0192415X19500484</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31096773</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib039"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wen</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19</article-title>. <source>Arch Iran Med</source>, <volume>23</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>268</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>71</lpage>. Epub 2020/04/10. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34172/aim.2020.09</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32271601</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib040"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ikeda</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kobayashi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hamada</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsuda</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Goto</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Imaizumi</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nozawa</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sugimoto</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kakuda</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>Heat-Epimerized Tea Catechins Rich In Gallocatechin Gallate and Catechin Gallate Are More Effective to Inhibit Cholesterol Absorption Than Tea Catechins Rich in Epigallocatechin Gallate and Epicatechin Gallate</article-title>. <source>J Agric FoodChem</source>, <volume>51</volume>(<issue>25</issue>), <fpage>7303</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 2003/12/04. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/jf034728l</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14640575</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib041"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jeong</surname><given-names>D.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>H.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>J.S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Comparative Antioxidant Activity and HPLC Profiles of Some Selected Korean Thistles</article-title>. <source>Arch Pharm Res</source>, <volume>31</volume>(<issue>1</issue>):<fpage>28</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>33</lpage>. Epub 2008/02/19. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12272-008-1116-7</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18277604</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib042"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jimenez</surname></name><name><surname>Cossio</surname><given-names>J.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Magallon</surname></name><name><surname>Ortin</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><string-name><surname>Valiente</surname></string-name><name><surname>Domingo</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1991</year>). <article-title>The Therapeutic Action of Hidrosmin in Chronic Lymphedema</article-title>. <source>Angiologia</source>, <volume>43</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>93</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 1991/05/01. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1952258</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib043"><citation citation-type="web"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Du</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Duan</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>You</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bai</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guddat</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xiao</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qin</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 Virus and Discovery of its Inhibitors</article-title>. <source>Nature</source>. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2223-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2223-y</ext-link>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib044"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jo</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>M.-S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL Protease by Flavonoids</article-title>. <source>Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry</source>, <volume>35</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>145</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>51</lpage>. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/14756366.2019.1690480</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib045"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gindulyte</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shoemaker</surname><given-names>B.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Thiessen</surname><given-names>P.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zaslavsky</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bolton</surname><given-names>E.E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>PubChem 2019 update: improved access to chemical data</article-title>. <source>Nucleic Acids Res</source>, <volume>47</volume>(<issue>D1</issue>), <fpage>D1102</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>D9</lpage>. Epub 2018/10/30. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/nar/gky1033</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30371825</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6324075</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib046"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Je</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid Intake and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease and All Causes: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies</article-title>. <source>Clin Nutr ESPEN</source>, <volume>20</volume>:<fpage>68</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>77</lpage>. Epub 2017/10/27. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.03.004</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29072172</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib047"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kini</surname><given-names>R.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Evans</surname><given-names>H.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1991</year>). <article-title>Molecular Modeling of Proteins: A Strategy For Energy Minimization By Molecular Mechanics in the AMBER Force Field</article-title>. <source>J Biomol Struct Dyn</source>, <volume>9</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>475</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>88</lpage>. Epub 1991/12/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/07391102.1991.10507930</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1687724</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib048"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Y.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>J.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chien</surname><given-names>Y.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>S.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>F.T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Suppression of ERK/NF-kappaB Activation Is Associated With Amentoflavone-Inhibited Osteosarcoma Progression In Vivo</article-title>. <source>Anticancer Res</source>, <volume>39</volume>(<issue>7</issue>), <fpage>3669</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>75</lpage>. Epub 2019/07/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21873/anticanres.13515</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31262893</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib049"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cai</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ye</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Orientin Suppresses Oxidized Low-density Lipoproteins Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis</article-title>. <source>Biosci Biotechnol Biochem</source>, <volume>84</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>774</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. Epub 2019/12/13. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/09168451.2019.1702871</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31829093</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib050"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>J.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>B.Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antioxidative Activity of 20 Flavonoids</article-title>. <source>J Agric Food Chem</source>, <volume>56</volume>(<issue>10</issue>), <fpage>3876</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>83</lpage>. Epub 2008/04/25. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/jf073520n</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18433100</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib051"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chaudhry</surname><given-names>M.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yin</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2016</year>). <article-title>Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity</article-title>. <source>Nutrients</source>, <volume>8</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>167</fpage>. Epub 2016/03/22. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/nu8030167</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26999194</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC4808895</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib052"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liggins</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bluck</surname><given-names>L.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Runswick</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Atkinson</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Coward</surname><given-names>W.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bingham</surname><given-names>S.A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>Daidzein and Genistein Content of Fruits and Nuts</article-title>. <source>J Nutr Biochem</source>, <volume>11</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>326</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>31</lpage>. Epub 2000/09/27. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00085-1</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11002128</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib053"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Son</surname><given-names>K.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>H.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bae</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>S.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>H.P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pectolinarigenin and Pectolinarin Isolated from Cirsium chanroenicum</article-title>. <source>Biol Pharm Bull</source>, <volume>31</volume>(<issue>11</issue>), <fpage>2063</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 2008/11/05. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1248/bpb.31.2063</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18981574</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib054"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hou</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsao</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Extraction and Isolation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Citrus Limon Peel Using an In Vitro Method</article-title>. <source>J Sep Sci</source>, Epub 2020/01/31. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jssc.201901252</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31999045</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib055"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname> ,<given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhai</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>You</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Silibinin Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in Mice with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating CFLAR-JNK Pathway</article-title>. <source>Acta Pharm Sin B</source>, <volume>9</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>745</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>57</lpage>. Epub 2019/08/07. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.006</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31384535</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6664044</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib056"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lobstein-Guth</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Briancon-Scheid</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Victoire</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Haag-Berrurie</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Anton</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1988</year>). <article-title>Isolation of Amentoflavone from Ginkgo biloba</article-title>. <source>Planta Med</source>, <volume>54</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>555</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>6</lpage>. Epub 1988/12/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1055/s-2006-962549</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3212094</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib057"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Londo&#x00F1;o-Londo&#x00F1;o</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rodrigues de Lima</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lara</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gil</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Crecsynski, Pasa</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Arango</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pineda</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Clean Recovery of Antioxidant Flavonoids From Citrus Peel: Optimizing an Aqueous Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Method</article-title>. <source>Food Chemistry</source>, <volume>119</volume>, <fpage>81</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib058"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Loung</surname><given-names>C.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fernando</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rupasinghe</surname><given-names>H.P.V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoskin</surname><given-names>D.W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Apple Peel Flavonoid Fraction 4 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Mechanisms</article-title>. <source>Molecules</source>, <volume>24</volume>(<issue>18</issue>). Epub 2019/09/22. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/molecules24183335</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31540221</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6766994</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib059"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mahmood</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pizza</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Aquino</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>De Tommasi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piacente</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Colman</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Burke</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hay</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1993</year>). <article-title>Inhibition of HIV Infection by Flavanoids</article-title>. <source>Antiviral Res</source>, <volume>22</volume>(<issue>2-3</issue>), <fpage>189</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>99</lpage>. Epub 1993/10/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0166-3542(93)90095-z</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8279812</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib060"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Malik</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jamil</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><name><surname>Butt</surname><given-names>T.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Waquar</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gan</surname><given-names>S.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shafique</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jafar</surname><given-names>T.H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Lupeol and Iso-Orientin as Potential Antidiabetic Agents in a Rat Model</article-title>. <source>Drug Des Devel Ther</source>, <volume>13</volume>, <fpage>1501</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>13</lpage>. Epub 2019/05/28. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/DDDT.S176698</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31123393</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6510393</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib061"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marsh</surname><given-names>J.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Teichmann</surname><given-names>S.A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>Relative Solvent Accessible Surface Area Predicts Protein Conformational Changes Upon Binding</article-title>. <source>Structure</source>, <volume>19</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>859</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>67</lpage>. Epub 2011/06/08. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.str.2011.03.010</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21645856</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC3145976</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib062"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martinez-Vazquez</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ramirez Apan</surname><given-names>T.O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lastra</surname><given-names>A.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bye</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1998</year>). <article-title>A Comparative Study of the Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Pectolinarin Isolated from Cirsium Subcoriaceum and Linarin Isolated from Buddleia Cordata</article-title>. <source>Planta Med</source>, <volume>64</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>134</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 1998/04/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1055/s-2006-957390</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9525105</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib063"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McCullough</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peterson</surname><given-names>J.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacques</surname><given-names>P.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shah</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dwyer</surname><given-names>J.T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of US Adults</article-title>. <source>Am J Clin Nutr</source>, <volume>95</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>454</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>64</lpage>. Epub 2012/01/06. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3945/ajcn.111.016634</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22218162</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC3260072</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib064"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mirzaaghaei</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Foroughmand</surname><given-names>A.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Saki</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shafiei</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Combination of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Silibinin: A Novel Approach for Targeting Both Tumor and Endothelial Cells</article-title>. <source>ACS Omega</source>, <volume>4</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>8421</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>30</lpage>. Epub 2019/08/29. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/acsomega.9b00224</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31459931</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6648523</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib065"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mishra</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pathak</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tripathi</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Natural Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Main Protease: An In Silico Study</article-title>. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21203/rs.3.rs-22839/v1</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib066"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <source>Health Benefits Derived From Sweet Orange : Diosmin Supplements From Citrus Provide Soothing Relief For Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Varicose Veins, Hemorrhoids, Leg Ulcers, Ankle Swelling, Complications of Diabetes, and Other Conditions of the Lower Extremities</source>. <publisher-loc>Laguna Beach, CA</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Basic Health Publications</publisher-name>. <fpage>91</fpage> p.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib067"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Navarra</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Femia</surname><given-names>A.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Romagnoli</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tortora</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Luceri</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cirmi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ferlazzo</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Caderni</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>A Flavonoid-rich Extract from Bergamot Juice Prevents Carcinogenesis in a Genetic Model of Colorectal Cancer, the Pirc rat (F344/NTac-Apc(am1137))</article-title>. <source>Eur J Nutr</source>, <volume>59</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>885</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>94</lpage>. Epub 2019/03/29. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00394-019-01948-z</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30919084</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib068"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Negri</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Naponelli</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rizzi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bettuzzi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>Molecular Targets of Epigallocatechin-Gallate (EGCG): A Special Focus on Signal Transduction and Cancer</article-title>. <source>Nutrients</source>, <volume>10</volume>(<issue>12</issue>). Epub 2018/12/20. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/nu10121936</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30563268</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6315581</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib069"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>T.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Woo</surname><given-names>H.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>H.K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>V.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Y.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>D.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahn</surname><given-names>S.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xia</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid-Mediated Inhibition of SARS Coronavirus 3C-like Protease Expressed in Pichia Pastoris</article-title>. <source>Biotechnol Lett</source>, <volume>34</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>831</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>8</lpage>. Epub 2012/02/22. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10529-011-0845-8</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22350287</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7087583</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib070"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nogata</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sakamoto</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shiratsuchi</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ishii</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yano</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ohta</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid Composition of Fruit Tissues Of Citrus Species</article-title>. <source>Biosci Biotechnol Biochem</source>, <volume>70</volume>(<issue>1</issue>):<fpage>178</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>92</lpage>. Epub 2006/01/24. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1271/bbb.70.178</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16428836</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib071"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O&#x2019;Boyle</surname><given-names>N.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Banck</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>James</surname><given-names>C.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Morley</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vandermeersch</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hutchison</surname><given-names>G.R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>Open Babel: An Open Chemical Toolbox</article-title>. <source>J Cheminform</source>, <volume>3</volume>, <fpage>33</fpage>. Epub 2011/10/11. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1758-2946-3-33</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21982300</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC3198950</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib072"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>J.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vijayakumar</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kwon</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <chapter-title>Association of Dietary Flavonoid Intake with Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Korean Women Aged &#x003E;/&#x003D;30 Years</chapter-title>. <source>J Nutr Sci Vitaminol</source> (<publisher-loc>Tokyo</publisher-loc>), <volume>63</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>51</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>8</lpage>. Epub 2017/04/04. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3177/jnsv.63.51</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28367926</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib073"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pan</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hao</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Association of Public Health Interventions With the Epidemiology of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China</article-title>. <source>JAMA</source>. Epub 2020/04/11. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2020.6130</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32275295</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib074"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cook</surname><given-names>A.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>J.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dickens</surname><given-names>B.L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Epidemiology Based on Current Evidence</article-title>. <source>J Clin Med</source>., <volume>9</volume>(<issue>4</issue>). Epub 2020/04/05. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/jcm9040967</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32244365</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib075"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peterson</surname><given-names>L.E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Small Molecule Docking of DNA Repair Proteins Associated with Cancer Survival Following PCNA Metagene Adjustment: A Potential Novel Class of Repair Inhibitors</article-title>. <source>Molecules</source>, <volume>24</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>645</fpage>. PubMed PMID: doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/molecules24030645</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib076"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peterson</surname><given-names>L.E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2021</year>). <article-title>In Silico Molecular Dynamics Docking of Drugs to the Inhibitory Active Site of SARS-CoV-2 Protease and Their Predicted Toxicology and ADME</article-title>. <source>Afr. J. Pharm. Sci</source>. <volume>1</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>16</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>39</lpage>. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.51483/AFJPS.1.1.2021.16-39">https://doi.org/10.51483/AFJPS.1.1.2021.16-39</ext-link></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib077"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Qin</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yin</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassan</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>Isoquercetin Improves Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Activating AMPK Pathway and Suppressing TGF -beta Signaling on an HFD-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Model</article-title>. <source>Int J Mol Sci</source>, <volume>19</volume>(<issue>12</issue>). Epub 2018/12/24. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijms19124126</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30572631</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6321444</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib078"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Raber</surname><given-names>M.N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Newman</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Newman</surname><given-names>B.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gaver</surname><given-names>R.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>L.P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1992</year>). <article-title>Phase I Trial and Clinical Pharmacology of Elsamitrucin</article-title>. <source>Cancer Res</source>, <volume>52</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>1406</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>10</lpage>. Epub 1992/03/15. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1540949</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib079"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Reppert</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yousef</surname><given-names>G.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rogers</surname><given-names>R.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>M.A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Isolation of Radiolabeled Isoflavones From Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Root Cultures</article-title>. <source>J Agric Food Chem</source>., <volume>56</volume>(<issue>17</issue>), <fpage>7860</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>5</lpage>. Epub 2008/08/12. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/jf801413z</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18690681</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC2676909</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib080"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Richmond</surname><given-names>T.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1984</year>). <article-title>Solvent Accessible Surface Area and Excluded Volume in Proteins. Analytical Equations for Overlapping Spheres and Implications for the Hydrophobic Effect</article-title>. <source>J Mol Biol</source>., <volume>178</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>63</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>89</lpage>. Epub 1984/09/05. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0022-2836(84)90231-6</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6548264</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib081"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rigsby</surname><given-names>R.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Parker</surname><given-names>A.B.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2016</year>). <article-title>Using the PyMOL Application to Reinforce Visual Understanding of Protein Structure</article-title>. <source>Biochem Mol Biol Educ</source>, <volume>44</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>433</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 2016/06/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/bmb.20966</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27241834</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib082"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ryu</surname><given-names>Y.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeong</surname><given-names>H.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>J.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Y.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>J.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>T.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>S.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>J.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>K.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rho</surname><given-names>M.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>W. S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera Displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) Inhibition</article-title>. <source>Bioorg Med Chem</source>, <volume>18</volume>(<issue>22</issue>), <fpage>7940</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>7</lpage>. Epub 2010/10/12. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20934345</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7126309</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib083"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sankaranarayanan</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Valiveti</surname><given-names>C.K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>D.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Slambrouck</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kesharwani</surname><given-names>S.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Seefeldt</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Scaria</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tummala</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bhat</surname><given-names>G.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>The Flavonoid Metabolite 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Is a CDK Inhibitor and an Anti-Proliferative Agent: A Potential Role in Cancer Prevention</article-title>. <source>Cancers (Basel)</source>, <volume>11</volume>(<issue>3</issue>). Epub 2019/03/29. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/cancers11030427</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30917530</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6468648</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib084"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schwarz</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sauter</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Karioti</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bilia</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Efferth</surname><given-names>T.W.S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Kaempferol Derivatives as Antiviral Drugs Against the 3a Channel Protein of Coronavirus</article-title>. <source>Planta Med</source>, <volume>80</volume>, <fpage>177</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>82</lpage>. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1055/s-0033-1360277</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC24458263</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib085"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Selvakumar</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kundu</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>A.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shouche</surname><given-names>Y.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>H.S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <article-title>Isolation and Characterization Of Nonrhizobial Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria from Nodules of Kudzu (Pueraria Thunbergiana) and their Effect on Wheat Seedling Growth</article-title>. <source>Curr Microbiol</source>, <volume>56</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>134</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. Epub 2007/12/13. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00284-007-9062-z</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18074178</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib086"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Senorans</surname><given-names>F.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ruiz-Rodriguez</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cavero</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cifuentes</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ibanez</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Reglero</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>Isolation of Antioxidant Compounds From Orange Juice by Using Countercurrent Supercritical Fluid Extraction (CC-SFE)</article-title>. <source>J Agric Food Chem</source>., <volume>49</volume>(<issue>12</issue>), <fpage>6039</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>44</lpage>. Epub 2001/12/18. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/jf010762t</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11743805</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib087"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qin</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Amentoflavone Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Modulating Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A</article-title>. <source>Anat Rec (Hoboken)</source>, <volume>302</volume>(<issue>12</issue>), <fpage>2201</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>10</lpage>. Epub 2019/08/23. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ar.24229</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31433570</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib088"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>X.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ji</surname><given-names>H.F.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Regulation of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer&#x2019;s Disease Mice By Silibinin and Silymarin and Their Pharmacological Implications</article-title>. <source>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol</source>, <volume>103</volume>(<issue>17</issue>), <fpage>7141</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. Epub 2019/06/27. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00253-019-09950-5</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31236617</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib089"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Silibinin Inhibits Endometrial Carcinoma Via Blocking Pathways of STAT3 Activation and SREBP1-Mediated Lipid Accumulation</article-title>. <source>Life Sci</source>, <volume>217</volume>, <fpage>70</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>80</lpage>. Epub 2018/11/20. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.037</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30452972</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib090"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shimamoto</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hattori</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kobayashi</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Teruya</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sanjoh</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakagawa</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yamashita</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Akaji</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Fused-Ring Structure of Decahydroisoquinolin as a Novel Scaffold for SARS 3CL Protease Inhibitors</article-title>. <source>Bioorg Med Chem</source>, <volume>23</volume>(<issue>4</issue>):<fpage>876</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>90</lpage>. Epub 2015/01/24. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.028</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25614110</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7111320</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib091"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shulman</surname><given-names>L.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sofer</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Manor</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mendelson</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Balanant</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Salvati</surname><given-names>A.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Delpeyroux</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fiore</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>Antiviral Activity of 3(2H)-and 6-chloro-3(2H)-isoflavenes Against Highly Diverged, Neurovirulent Vaccine-derived, Type2 Poliovirus Sewage Isolates</article-title>. <source>PLoS One</source>, <volume>6</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>e18360</fpage>. Epub 2011/09/10. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0018360</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21904594</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC3102060</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib092"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Solanki</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Parihar</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mansuri</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Parihar</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid-Based Therapies in the Early Management Of Neurodegenerative Diseases</article-title>. <source>Adv Nutr</source>, <volume>6</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>64</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>72</lpage>. Epub 2015/01/17. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3945/an.114.007500</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25593144</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC4288281</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib093"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Struijs</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vincken</surname><given-names>J.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Verhoef</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><string-name><surname>van Oostveen-van</surname></string-name><name><surname>Casteren</surname><given-names>W.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Voragen</surname><given-names>A.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gruppen</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <article-title>The Flavonoid Herbacetin Diglucoside As a Constituent of the Lignan Macromolecule From Flaxseed Hulls</article-title>. <source>Phytochemistry</source>, <volume>68</volume>(<issue>8</issue>), <fpage>1227</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>35</lpage>. Epub 2006/12/05. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.022</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17141814</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib094"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Studer</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rempfer</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Waterhouse</surname><given-names>A.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gumienny</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Haas</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schwede</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>QMEAND is Co-distance Constraints Applied on Model Quality Estimation</article-title>. <source>Bioinformatics</source>, <volume>36</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>1765</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>71</lpage>. Epub 2019/11/08. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/bioinformatics/btz828</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31697312</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7075525</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib095"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Su</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gong</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ke</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yuan</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Antidiabetic Activity and Potential Mechanism of Amentoflavone in Diabetic Mice</article-title>. <source>Molecules</source>, <volume>24</volume>(<issue>11</issue>). Epub 2019/06/20. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/molecules24112184</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31212585</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6600559</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib096"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sugita-Konishi</surname> ,<given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hara-Kudo</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Amano</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Okubo</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Aoi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iwaki</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumagai</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1999</year>). <article-title>Epigallocatechin Gallate and Gallocatechin Gallate in Green Tea Catechins Inhibit Extracellular Release of Vero Toxin From Enterohemorrhagic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> O157:H7</article-title>. <source>Biochim Biophys Acta</source>, <volume>1472</volume>(<issue>1-2</issue>), <fpage>42</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>50</lpage>. Epub 1999/11/26. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00102-6</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10572924</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib097"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Superti</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Seganti</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Orsi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Desideri</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tinari</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Marziano</surname><given-names>M.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Donelli</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1990</year>). <article-title>In vitro Effect of Synthetic Flavanoids on Astrovirus Infection</article-title>. <source>Antiviral Res</source>., <volume>13</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>201</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>8</lpage>. Epub 1990/04/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0166-3542(90)90038-9</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2116755</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib098"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thangaraj</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Balasubramanian</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Natesan</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Manju</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Orientin Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria Mediated Intrinsic Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cells</article-title>. <source>Biomolecules. 2019</source>;<volume>9</volume>(<issue>9</issue>). Epub 2019/08/30. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/biom9090418</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31461995</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6770649</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib099"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tian</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tong</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tong</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>The Effects of Orientin on Proliferation and Apoptosis of T24 Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells Occurs Through the Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-kappaB and the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway</article-title>. <source>Med Sci Monit</source>, <volume>25</volume>:<fpage>9547</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>54</lpage>. Epub 2019/12/15. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12659/MSM.919203</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31837261</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6929549</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0100"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Trott</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>AutoDock Vina: Improving the Speed and Accuracy of Docking With a New Scoring Function, Efficient Optimization, and Multithreading</article-title>. <source>J Comput Chem</source>, <volume>31</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>455</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>61</lpage>. Epub 2009/06/06. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jcc.21334</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19499576</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC3041641</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0101"><citation citation-type="other"><collab>USDA</collab>. (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>USDoA, Service AR, Laboratory ND</article-title>. <source>USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 3.0. 2011</source>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0102"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vafadar</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shabaninejad</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Movahedpour</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fallahi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Taghavipour</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ghasemi</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Akbari</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shafiee</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hajighadimi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Moradizarmehri</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Razi</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Savardashtaki</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mirzaei</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Quercetin and Cancer: New Insights Into Its Therapeutic Effects on Ovarian Cancer Cells</article-title>. <source>Cell Biosci</source>, <volume>10</volume>, <fpage>32</fpage>. Epub 2020/03/17. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13578-020-00397-0</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32175075</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7063794</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0103"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verweij</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wanders</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nielsen</surname><given-names>A.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pavlidis</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Calabresi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><string-name><given-names>Ten</given-names> <surname>Bokkel</surname></string-name><name><surname>Huinink</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bruntsch</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piccart</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Franklin</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaye</surname><given-names>S.B.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1994</year>). <article-title>Phase II Studies of Elsamitrucin in Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Ovarian Cancer. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group</article-title>. <source>Ann Oncol</source>, <volume>5</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>375</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>6</lpage>. Epub 1994/04/01. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058847</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8075039</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0104"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wan</surname><given-names>S.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Landis-Piwowar</surname><given-names>K.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuhn</surname><given-names>D.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dou</surname><given-names>Q.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>T.H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2005</year>). <article-title>Structure-Activity Study of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Analogs as Proteasome Inhibitors</article-title>. <source>Bioorg Med Chem</source>, <volume>13</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>2177</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>85</lpage>. Epub 2005/02/25. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bmc.2004.12.056</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15727870</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0105"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kan</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>C.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qian</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Granato</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Green Tea Polyphenols And Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Protect Against Perfluorodecanoic Acid Induced Liver Damage and Inflammation in Mice by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation</article-title>. <source>Food Res Int</source>, <volume>127</volume>:<fpage>108628</fpage>. Epub 2019/12/29. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108628</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31882076</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0106"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wolf</surname><given-names>R.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Caldwell</surname><given-names>J.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kollman</surname><given-names>P.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Case</surname><given-names>D.A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Development and Testing of a General Amber Force Field</article-title>. <source>J Comput Chem</source>, <volume>5</volume>(<issue>9</issue>), <fpage>1157</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>74</lpage>. Epub 2004/04/30. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jcc.20035</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15116359</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0107"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ding</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Pectolinarin Inhibits Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis, And Suppresses Inflammation In Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes By Inactivating The Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase/Protein Kinase B Pathway</article-title>. <source>J Cell Biochem</source>, <volume>120</volume>(<issue>9</issue>), <fpage>15202</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>10</lpage>. Epub 2019/04/26. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jcb.28784</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31020684</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0108"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Z.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>Z.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xiao</surname><given-names>P.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>Y.Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>W.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>E.H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>The Mechanisms of Baicalin Ameliorate Obesity and Hyperlipidemia Through a Network Pharmacology Approach</article-title>. <source>Eur J Pharmacol. 2020</source>;<volume>878</volume>:<fpage>173103</fpage>. Epub 2020/04/13. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173103</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32278854</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0109"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Waterhouse</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bertoni</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bienert</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Studer</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tauriello</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gumienny</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Heer</surname><given-names>F.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>de Beer</surname><given-names>T. A.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rempfer</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bordoli</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lepore</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schwede</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>SWISS-MODEL: Homology Modelling of Protein Structures and Complexes</article-title>. <source>Nucleic Acids Res</source>, <volume>46</volume>(<issue>W1</issue>):<fpage>W296</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>W303</lpage>. Epub 2018/05/23. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/nar/gky427</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29788355</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6030848</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0110"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>S.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>L.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>But</surname><given-names>P.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>R.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>I.A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Antiviral Flavonoids from the Seeds of Aesculus Chinensis</article-title>. <source>J Nat Prod</source>, <volume>67</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>650</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>3</lpage>. Epub 2004/04/24. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/np030470h</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15104496</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0111"><citation citation-type="other"><collab>WHO</collab>. (<year>2019</year>). <source>Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report - 1002020</source>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0112"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wishart</surname><given-names>D.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Feunang</surname><given-names>Y.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>A.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lo</surname><given-names>E.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Marcu</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Grant</surname><given-names>J.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sajed</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sayeeda</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Assempour</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iynkkaran</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Maciejewski</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gale</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chin</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cummings</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Le</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pon</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Knox</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>DrugBank 5.0: A Major Update to the DrugBank Database for 2018</article-title>. <source>Nucleic Acids Res. 2018</source>;<volume>46</volume>(<issue>D1</issue>):<fpage>D1074</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>D82</lpage>. Epub 2017/11/11. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/nar/gkx1037</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29126136</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC5753335</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0113"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wishart</surname><given-names>D.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Knox</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>A.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shrivastava</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassanali</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stothard</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Woolsey</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <article-title>DrugBank: A Comprehensive Resource for In Silico Drug Discovery and Exploration</article-title>. <source>Nucleic Acids Res. 2006</source>;<volume>34</volume>(<issue>Database issue</issue>):<fpage>D668</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>72</lpage>. Epub 2005/12/31. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/nar/gkj067</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16381955</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC1347430</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0114"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Baicalin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF -alpha) in Human Immortalized Keratinocytes (HaCaT) Human Keratinocytes by Inhibiting the STAT3/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) Signaling Pathway</article-title>. <source>Med Sci Monit</source>, <volume>26</volume>, <fpage>e919392</fpage>. Epub 2020/04/24. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12659/MSM.919392</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32321906</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0115"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xin</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guangliang</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qing</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qingqing</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yiming</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shu</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Astilbin Protects Chicken Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes From Cadmium-induced Necroptosis Via Oxidative Stress and the PI3K/Akt pathway</article-title> <source>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</source>, <volume>190</volume>:<fpage>110064</fpage>. Epub 2019/12/16. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110064</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31838230</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0116"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yin</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Astilbin Ameliorates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2)</article-title>. <source>J Appl Toxicol</source>, Epub 2020/04/24. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jat.3989</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32324309</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0117"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>You</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Weiss</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chua</surname><given-names>K.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>andSteegborn</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Structural Basis for the Activation and Inhibition of Sirtuin 6 By Quercetin and its Derivatives</article-title>. <source>Sci Rep</source>, <volume>9</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>19176</fpage>. Epub 2019/12/18. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41598-019-55654-1</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31844103</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6914789</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0118"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhai</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ding</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Long</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhong</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>The Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19</article-title>. <source>Int J Antimicrob Agents</source>, <fpage>105955</fpage>. Epub 2020/04/03. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105955</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32234468</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7138178</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0119"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak</article-title>. <source>Curr Biol</source>, <volume>30</volume>(<issue>7</issue>):<fpage>1346</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>51</lpage> <page-range>e2</page-range>. Epub 2020/03/21. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.022</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32197085</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0120"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>X.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>J.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ouyang</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>J.H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Quercetin in Animal Models of Alzheimer&#x2019;s Disease: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies</article-title>. <source>Int J Mol Sci</source>., <volume>21</volume>(<issue>2</issue>). Epub 2020/01/17. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijms21020493</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31941000</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7014205</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0121"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Amentoflavone Suppresses Amyloid Beta1-42 Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer&#x2019;s Disease Through The Inhibition of Pyroptosis</article-title>. <source>Life Sci</source>, <volume>239</volume>:<fpage>117043</fpage>. Epub 2019/11/14. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117043</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31722188</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0122"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>H.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>T.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tzeng</surname><given-names>C.M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Baicalin Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis by Regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling Pathway</article-title>. <source>Drug Des Devel Ther</source>, <volume>14</volume>:<fpage>195</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>206</lpage>. Epub 2020/02/06. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/DDDT.S225516</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32021104</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6970258</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0123"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhong</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>Q.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>C.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jia</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Orientin Improves Cognition by Enhancing Autophagosome Clearance in an Alzheimer&#x2019;s Mouse Model</article-title>. <source>J Mol Neurosci</source>, <volume>69</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>246</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>53</lpage>. Epub 2019/06/28. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12031-019-01353-5</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31243684</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0124"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>X.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>X.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Si</surname><given-names>H.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>C.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>H.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>R.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>M.Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>X.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>X.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Q.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>L.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhan</surname><given-names>F.X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xiao</surname><given-names>G.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Z.L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated With a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin</article-title>. <source>Nature</source>, <volume>579</volume>(<issue>7798</issue>), <fpage>270</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>3</lpage>. Epub 2020/02/06. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32015507</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7095418</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0125"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <article-title>(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Modulates Peripheral Immunity in the MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson&#x2019;s Disease</article-title>. <source>Mol Med Rep</source>, <volume>17</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>4883</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>8</lpage>. Epub 2018/01/25. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3892/mmr.2018.8470</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29363729</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC5865947</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0126"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lan</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iovanna</surname><given-names>J.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xia</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Flavonoid-alkylphospholipid Conjugates Elicit Dual Inhibition of Cancer Cell Growth and Lipid Accumulation</article-title>. <source>Chem Commun (Camb)</source>, <volume>55</volume>(<issue>61</issue>), <fpage>8919</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>22</lpage>. Epub 2019/07/05. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1039/c9cc04084f</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">31270526</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0127"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhu</surname> ,<given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Cell Growth And Regulates Mirna Expression in Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines Infected With Different High-risk Human Papillomavirus Subtypes</article-title>. <source>Exp Ther Med</source>, <volume>17</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>1742</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>8</lpage>. Epub 2019/02/21. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3892/etm.2018.7131</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30783443</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC6364235</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib0128"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ziebuhr</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Molecular Biology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</article-title>. <source>Curr Opin Microbiol</source>, <volume>7</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>412</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. Epub 2004/09/11. doi: <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.mib.2004.06.007</pub-id>. PubMed PMID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15358261</pub-id>; PMCID: <pub-id pub-id-type="pmcid">PMC7108451</pub-id>.</citation></ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
